 SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR TREATMENT OF EXHAUST GAS
专利摘要:
there is provided a system for treating an exhaust gas comprising a first scr catalyst zone, which comprises vanadium loaded in a metal oxide selected from thio2 , zro2 , sio2 , ceo2 and al2o3 ; and a second scr catalyst zone comprising a small pore molecular sieve loaded with copper, wherein the first scr catalyst zone is disposed upstream of the second scr catalyst zone with respect to the normal exhaust gas flow through the system. a method for using the system to treat exhaust gas is also provided. 公开号:BR112017002843B1 申请号:R112017002843-3 申请日:2015-08-14 公开日:2022-01-04 发明作者:Tim Genschow；Andrew Newman；Gudmund Smedler；Olivier Sonntag；Isabel Tingay 申请人:Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company； IPC主号:
专利说明:
BACKGROUND FIELD OF THE INVENTION [001] The present invention relates to a zoned catalyst system and methods for treating combustion exhaust gas. [002] Description of Related Technique [003] The combustion of hydrocarbon-based fuels in engines produces exhaust gases that largely contain relatively benign nitrogen (N2), water vapor (H2O), and carbon dioxide (CO2). But the exhaust gases also contain, to a relatively small extent, harmful and/or toxic substances, such as carbon monoxide (CO) from incomplete combustion, hydrocarbons (HC) from unburned fuel, nitrogen oxides (NOx) from temperatures of excessive combustion, and particulate matter (mainly soot). To mitigate the environmental impact of waste and exhaust gas released into the atmosphere, it is desirable to eliminate or reduce the amount of undesirable components, preferably by a process that, in turn, does not generate other harmful or toxic substances. [004] Typically, exhaust gases from lean gas engines have a net oxidation effect, due to the high proportion of oxygen that is supplied to ensure proper combustion of the hydrocarbon fuel. In such gases, one of the heaviest components to remove is NOx, which includes nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O). The reduction of NOX to N2 is particularly problematic because the exhaust gas contains enough oxygen to favor oxidative reactions rather than reduction. However, NOx can be reduced by a process commonly known as Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR). An SCR process involves the conversion of NOX, in the presence of a catalyst and with the aid of a reducing agent, such as ammonia, into elemental nitrogen (N2) and water. In an SCR process, a gaseous reductant, such as ammonia, is added to an exhaust gas stream before the exhaust gas contacts the SCR catalyst. The reducing agent is absorbed onto the catalyst, and the NOX reduction reaction occurs when the gases pass through or over the catalyzed substrate. The chemical equation for SCR stoichiometric reactions using ammonia is: [005] Zeolites that have an exchanged transition metal are known to be useful as SCR catalysts. Small pores of conventional copper-exchanged zeolites are particularly useful in achieving high NOx conversion at low temperatures. However, the interaction of NH3 with NO absorbed onto the transition metal of an exchanged zeolite can lead to an undesirable side reaction that produces N2O. This N2O is particularly troublesome to remove from the exhaust stream. Consequently, there continues to be a need for improved methods that result in high NOx conversion with minimal N2O production. The present invention satisfies this need, among others. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION [006] Applicants have found that the combination of at least two SCR catalytic zones, one of which contains a vanadium-based catalyst and the other contains a copper-loaded molecular sieve, can substantially reduce unwanted N2O production while maintaining selectivity. overall high N2 in an SCR reaction, as long as the vanadium-based catalyst is upstream of the copper-loaded molecular sieve. For example, high N2 selectivity and low N2O by-product can be achieved by a metal oxide loaded with about 0.5 to 4 weight percent vanadium, based on the total weight of the metal oxide, and a molecular sieve. downstream small pore loaded with about 1 to 4 weight percent copper, based on the total molecular sieve weight. In certain embodiments, the upstream vanadium-based catalyst is present at a higher reactive coating composition loading relative to the downstream copper-based catalyst. [007] Accordingly, in one aspect there is provided a system for treating an exhaust gas comprising a first SCR catalyst zone, which comprises vanadium loaded in a metal oxide selected from TiO2, ZrO2, SiO2, CeO2, and Al2O3; and a second SCR catalyst zone comprising a small pore molecular sieve charged with copper, wherein the first SCR catalyst zone is disposed upstream of the second SCR catalyst zone with respect to the normal exhaust gas flow through the system. [008] In another aspect of the invention, there is provided a method for treating an exhaust gas comprising the step of contacting, in series, an ammonia and exhaust gas mixture derived from an internal combustion engine with (the ) a first SCR zone comprising vanadium charged in a metal oxide selected from TiO2, ZrO2, SiO2, CeO2, and Al2O3, and (b) a second SCR zone comprising a small pore molecular sieve charged with copper. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a diagram showing an embodiment of the invention with a zonal SCR catalyst arrangement; Figure 2 is a diagram showing an embodiment of the invention with another zonal SCR catalyst arrangement; Figure 3 is a diagram showing an embodiment of the invention with another zonal SCR catalyst arrangement; Figure 4 is a diagram showing an embodiment of the invention with another zonal SCR catalyst arrangement; Figure 5 is a diagram showing an embodiment of the invention with another zonal SCR catalyst arrangement; Figure 5 is a diagram showing an embodiment of the invention with zonal SCR catalyst arrangement and an ammonia oxidation catalyst; Figure 6 is a diagram showing an embodiment of the invention with another array of zoned SCR catalysts comprising two substrates; Figure 6A is a diagram showing an embodiment of the invention with another zoned SCR catalyst arrangement comprising two substrates and an ASC zone; Figure 7 is a diagram showing an embodiment of the invention with another zoned SCR catalyst arrangement, wherein one or more of the zones is an extruded catalyst body; Figure 7A is a diagram showing an embodiment of the invention with another zoned SCR catalyst arrangement, wherein one or more of the zones is an extruded catalyst body; Figure 8 is a diagram showing an embodiment of the invention with another zonal SCR catalyst arrangement, wherein those of the zones are in an extruded catalyst body; Figure 9 is a flow through honeycomb substrate diagram comprising zonal SCR catalysts; Figure 9A is a diagram of a cell of a throughflow alveolar substrate; Figure 10 is a diagram of a system for treating exhaust gas in accordance with an embodiment of the invention; Figure 11A is a diagram of a system for treating exhaust gas in accordance with an embodiment of the invention; and Figure 11B is a diagram of another system for treating exhaust gas in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED MODALITIES OF THE INVENTION [009] In a certain aspect, the invention relates to a method for improving ambient air quality, in particular for improving exhaust gas emissions generated by power plants, gas turbines, lean internal combustion engines, and the like. Exhaust gas emissions are improved, at least in part, by reducing NOx concentrations over a wide operating temperature range. NOx conversion is achieved by contacting the exhaust gas with two or more zone-specific NH3 SCR catalysts. [0010] In part, the system comprises two SCR NH3 catalyst zones: a first SCR catalyst zone comprising (a) a first SCR catalyst zone comprising vanadium charged in a metal oxide selected from TiO2, ZrO2, SiO2, CeO2 , and Al2O3; and (b) a second SCR catalyst zone comprising a small pore molecular sieve loaded with copper, wherein the first SCR catalyst zone is disposed upstream of the second SCR catalyst zone with respect to the normal exhaust gas flow through the system. In one example, the vanadium-based catalyst is coated on and/or inside the channel walls of the through-flow monolith in a first zone and the copper-loaded small pore molecular sieve is coated on and/or inside the channel walls. of the throughflow monolith in a second zone, the first zone being upstream of the second zone. In certain embodiments, the first SCR catalyst zone may be in the form of an extruded (e.g., honeycomb) catalyst body and the second SCR catalyst zone is a coating on the body. In another example, the vanadium-based catalyst is coated onto and/or into a flow-wall filter and the copper-loaded small pore molecular sieve is coated onto and/or into the channel walls of the through-flow monolith. arranged downstream of the filter. [0011] Turning to Figure 1, an embodiment of the invention is shown in which a flow-through honeycomb substrate 10 has a first catalyst zone 20 and a second catalyst zone 30, wherein the first and second catalyst zones are consecutive and are in contact. The terms "first zone" and "second zone", as used herein, are indicative of the orientation of the zone on the substrate. More specifically, the zones are oriented in series so that under normal operating conditions, the exhaust gas to be treated comes into contact with the first zone before contacting the second zone. In one embodiment, the first and second SCR catalyst zones are arranged consecutively so that one follows the other in unbroken succession (i.e., there is no catalyst operation or other exhaust gas such as a filter between the first and the second SCR catalyst zone). Therefore, in certain embodiments, the first SCR catalyst zone is upstream of the second SCR catalyst zone with respect to the normal exhaust gas flow through or over a substrate series or a series of substrates. [0012] Differences in catalyst materials of the first and second SCR catalyst zones result in different exhaust gas treatments. For example, the first SCR catalyst zone reduces NOx with lower selectivity to by-products (including N2O at low temperatures), and the second SCR catalyst zone efficiently reduces NOx to a higher efficiency than the first SCR catalyst zone . The synergistic effect of combining the two SCR catalyst zones improves overall catalyst performance compared to single catalyst systems or other zoned arrangements. Preferably, the first and second zones are in contact (i.e., there are no active layers catalytically intervening between the first and second SCR catalyst zones). [0013] In Figure 9, a catalytic substrate in zone 2 is shown wherein the substrate is a alveolar throughflow monolith 100 having an inlet end 110 and an outlet end 120, with respect to the normal direction of gas flow from escape 1 through the substrate. The substrate has an axial length 190 that extends from inlet end 110 to outlet end 120. Figure 10 shows a single cell 200 of the honeycomb substrate having channel walls 110 that define open channels 120 through which exhaust gas can flow. . The channel walls are preferably porous or semi-porous. The catalyst for each zone may be a coating on the surface of the walls, a coating that partially or entirely permeates the walls, incorporated directly into the wall as an extruded body, or a combination of these. [0014] In Figure 1, the first SCR catalyst zone 20 extends from the inlet end 110 to a first end point 29. The first end point is positioned at about 10 to 90 percent, for example, about 80 to 90 percent, about 10 to 25 percent, or about 20 to 30 percent, of the axial length 190. The second SCR catalyst zone 120 extends from the outlet end 120 for a distance along the axial length. 190, for example about 20 to 90 percent, for example about 60 to 80 percent or about 50 to 75 percent, of the axial length 190. Preferably, the second SCR catalyst zone extends to at least the first endpoint so that the first and second SCR catalyst zones are in contact. The axial length is preferably less than 24 inches, such as about 1 to about 24 inches (2.54 to 60.96 cm), about 3 to about 12 inches (7.62 to 30.48 cm), or about 3 to about 8 inches (7.62 to 20.32 cm). [0015] In Figure 2, a preferred embodiment is shown in which the first SCR catalyst zone 20 partially overlaps the second SCR catalyst zone 30. In Figure 3, the second SCR catalyst zone 30 partially overlaps the first SCR catalyst zone 30. SCR catalyst 20. The overlap is preferably less than 90 percent of the axial length of the substrate, for example about 80 to about 90 percent, less than about 40, about 40 to about 60, about 10 to about 15 percent, or about 10 to about 25 percent. For embodiments in which the second SCR catalyst zone overlaps the first SCR catalyst zone, the overlap may be greater than 50 percent of the axial length, such as 80 to 90 percent. For embodiments in which the first SCR catalyst zone overlaps the second SCR catalyst zone, the overlap is preferably less than 50 percent of the axial length, for example about 10 to 20 percent. [0016] In Figure 4, the first SCR catalyst zone 20 completely overlaps the second SCR catalyst zone 30. For such embodiments, the exhaust gas is first contacted, and is at least partially treated by the first SCR catalyst zone. . At least a portion of the exhaust gas permeates through the first SCR catalyst zone where it contacts the second SCR catalyst zone and is further treated. At least a portion of the treated exhaust gas permeates back through the first SCR catalyst zone, enters the open channel, and exits the substrate. Figure 4 shows an embodiment in which both the first and second SCR catalyst zones span the entire axial length of the substrate. Figure 4A shows an alternative embodiment in which the second SCR catalyst zone extends from the outlet end to less than the entire axial length of the substrate and the first SCR catalyst zone extends the entire axial length of the substrate, thereby completely overlapping the substrate. second SCR catalyst zone. [0017] Figure 5 shows another embodiment of the invention. Here, a third catalyst zone is proximate to, and preferably extends from, the exit end of the substrate. The third catalyst zone comprises an oxidation catalyst, preferably a catalyst effective to oxidize ammonia. In certain embodiments, the catalyst comprises one or more platinum group metals (PGM), such as Pt, Pd, or a combination thereof, preferably a metal oxide support, such as alumina. The oxidation catalyst may include a zeolite, such as FER or BEA, optionally loaded with a metal including iron or a PGM, such as palladium. The combination of the second and third catalyst zones in a layered arrangement serves as an ammonia slip catalyst, wherein at least a portion of the excess ammonia not consumed by the upstream SCR reaction passes through the second zone into the third. catalyst zone where it is oxidized to H2O and secondary NOx. The H2O and secondary NOx pass back through the second catalyst zone where at least a portion of the secondary NOx has been reduced to H2O and NO2 through an SCR-type reaction. [0018] Preferably, the first and second catalyst zones are consecutively arranged so that the first SCR catalyst zone contacts the second SCR catalyst zone. In certain embodiments, the first and second SCR catalyst zones are coated or otherwise incorporated into separate substrates that are arranged in an exhaust gas treatment system so that the first and second catalyst zones are in series and are either in contact or a short distance apart with no intervening exhaust gas treatment catalyst. Where two substrates are used, the substrates may be the same or different substrates. For example, the first substrate may be a flow-wall filter and the second substrate may be a through-flow honeycomb type, the first and second substrates may have different porosities, the first and second substrates may be of different compositions or have different a different cell density, and/or the first and second substrates may be of different lengths. In Figure 6, the first and second SCR catalyst zones are arranged on separate substrates that are arranged in an exhaust gas treatment system so that the first and second catalyst zones are in series and adjacent, but not in contact. direct contact. In certain embodiments, the maximum distance between the first and second substrates is preferably less than 2 inches, more preferably less than 1 inch, and preferably there is no intervening substrate or catalyst materials between the first and second SCR catalyst zones. and/or between the first and second substrates. In Figure 6A, the second substrate further comprises an ammonia oxidation catalyst sublayer 40 that extends from the exit end of the substrate to a length less than the total length of the substrate. The second SCR catalyst zone completely covers the oxidative catalyst and preferably extends the length of the substrate. [0019] In certain embodiments, the first SCR catalyst zone is in the form of an extruded honeycomb body. The embodiment shown in Figure 7, for example, comprises a second SCR catalyst zone 26 in the form of a coating on and/or within a portion of an extruded catalyst substrate. The extruded catalyst substrate, in turn, comprises the first SCR catalyst zone 16. The first and second SCR catalyst zones are arranged so that the first zone is upstream of the second zone with respect to the normal flow of exhaust gas. exhaust 1. The catalytically active substrate in zone 16 comprises a catalytically active material similar to that of the first SCR catalyst zones described herein. In Figure 7, the second SCR catalyst zone extends from the outlet end to less than the full length of the substrate. In Figure 7A, the second SCR catalyst zone 26 completely covers the third zone comprising an oxidation catalyst 27. [0020] In another embodiment, the second SCR catalyst zone is in the form of an extruded honeycomb body and the first SCR catalyst zone is in the form of a reactive coating composition disposed in the extruded honeycomb body, for example as a zone in the front of the alveolar body. [0021] In Figure 8, a catalytically active substrate 300, e.g., a flow-through honeycomb body formed from an extruded catalytic material, is coated with a first SCR 310 catalyst zone and a second SCR 330 catalyst zone. The catalytic component of the extruded body may be a passive NOx absorber, a supplemental SCR catalyst, or other catalyst to treat an exhaust gas. The first SCR catalyst zone extends from the inlet end 312 to a first end point 314 that is positioned at about 10 to 80 percent, e.g., about 50 to 80 percent, about 10 to 25 percent or about 20 to 30 percent of the axial length 390. The second SCR catalyst zone extends from the outlet end 344 to a second end point 332 that is positioned at about 20 to 80 percent, for example about 20 to 40 percent, about 60 to 80 percent, or about 50 to 75 percent, of the axial length 390. The first and second SCR catalyst zones are not in direct contact and so a gap 320 exists between the upstream and downstream zone. Preferably, this interstice does not contain a catalyst layer, but is instead directly exposed to the exhaust gas to be treated. The exhaust gas contacts the catalytic body in the interstice through which the exhaust gas is treated, for example to selectively reduce a portion of NOx in the exhaust gas. The interstice, which is defined by the first endpoint 314 and the second endpoint 332, is preferably less than 75 percent of the axial length, for example about 40 to about 60, about 10 to about 15 percent , or about 10 to about 25 percent of the axial length 390. An optional NH3 oxidation catalyst is coated onto and/or into substrate 300 in a zone extending from the outlet end 344 toward the inlet end. 312 by a length that is equal to or less than the length of the downstream zone. The optional NH3 oxidation catalyst is preferably a sublayer that is completely covered by the catalyst composition forming the downstream zone. [0022] The vanadium-based catalyst is preferably loaded onto a metal oxide at a concentration of about 0.5 to about 4 weight percent, or about 1 to 3 weight percent, based on total weight. of the metal oxide support. Preferred vanadium components include vanadium oxides, such as vanadia (V2O5) and metal vanadate (e.g., FeVO4) and, optionally, tungsten oxides. In certain embodiments, the vanadium component comprises up to about 25 weight percent tungsten, preferably from about 1 to about 25 weight percent, more preferably from about 5 to about 20 weight percent, and even more preferably from about 5 to about 15 weight percent based on the total weight of the vanadium component. [0023] Suitable metals for metal vanadate include alkali earth metals, transition metals, rare earth metals, or combinations thereof. For the purpose of the present specification and claims, the term "alkaline earth metal" means at least one of the elements of group II of the periodic table and "transition metal" means at least one of the elements of groups IV-XI of the periodic table and Zn . Useful alkaline earth metals include Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba; rare earth elements include Sc, Y and the fifteen lanthanides, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu, preferably Er; and the transition metal is selected from the group consisting of Fe, Bi, Al, Ga, In, Zn, Mo, Cr, Sb and Mn. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, the vanadium component is iron(III) vanadate, which optionally includes WO3. [0024] The type of metal oxide support is not particularly limited. Useful metal oxides include TiO2, ZrO2, SiO2, CeO2, and Al2O3. In certain embodiments, the metal oxide support and the vanadium component are present in a weight ratio of from about 100:1 to about 50:1. [0025] Typically, the vanadium component and the metal oxide support are in the form of self-supporting catalyst particles. In various embodiments, the metal oxide support will have a surface area (BET) of from about 10 to about 300 m 2 /g or more. In certain embodiments, the metal oxide support will have an average particle size of from about 10 to about 250 nanometers (nm), preferably from about 10 to about 100 nm. [0026] A preferred metal oxide is titanium dioxide (TiO2) which is also known as titanium or titanium (IV) oxide, and is preferably in the form of anatase. In certain embodiments, the TiO 2 is at least 90 weight percent, and more preferably at least 95 weight percent, form anatase to rutilar form. In certain embodiments, the TiO2 is chemically stabilized and/or pre-calcined, for example as an end product of sulfate processing. Such chemically stabilized TiO2 shows X-ray reflections that are specific to the TiO2 lattice in X-ray diffractometry. [0027] In another embodiment, the first SCR catalyst zone comprises a mixture of vanadium supported on metal oxide and a molecule - either uncoated (e.g. a zeolite in the H+ form) or charged with Fe. Preferably, the mixture comprises about 60 to about 99 weight percent vanadium component and about 1 to about 40 weight percent molecular sieve component, based on the total weight of catalytically active components in the mixture. In certain embodiments, the catalyst composition comprises about 60 to about 70, about 75 to about 85, or about 90 to about 97 weight percent vanadium component and about 30 to about 40, about 15 to about 25, or about 3 to about 10 weight percent molecular sieve component. [0028] Preferred vanadium and metal oxides for a mixture include those described herein and may optionally include a tungsten component as described herein. [0029] Preferably, the molecular sieve for the mixture [is an aluminosilicate, preferably without substituted metals in the structure, or a ferrosilicate. Molecular sieves, particularly aluminosilicates, are in the H+ form or have ion exchange with a transition metal. Preferably, the aluminosilicate is substantially free of alkali or alkali earth metals. Molecular sieves in the H+ form are preferably free of structureless metals. In certain embodiments, the molecular sieve in the mixture is essentially free of any structureless metal other than Fe. Preferably the ion exchange takes place after the molecular sieve synthesis. [0030] Useful MFI isotopes include ZSM-5, [Fe-Si-O]-MFI, AMS-1B, AZ-1, Bor-C, Boralite, Encillite, FZ-1, LZ-105, Mutinaita, NU-4 , NU-5, Silicalite, TS-1, TSZ, TSZ-III, TZ-01, USC-4, USI-108, ZBH, ZKQ-1B, and ZMQ-TB, with ZSM-5 being particularly preferred. Useful FER isotopes include Ferrierite, [Si-O]-FER, FU-9, ISI-6, monoclinic ferrierite, NU-23, Sr-D, and ZSM-35. Useful BEA isotopes include Beta, [Ti-Si-O]-*BEA, CIT-6, and Tschernichita. Typical SiO2/Al2O3 mole ratios for such materials are 30 to 100 and typical SiO2/Fe2O3 mole ratios are 20 to 300 such as 20 to 100. [0031] Preferred molecular sieve structures for blending include FER, MFI, and BEA. In certain embodiments, the molecular sieve is not a small pore molecular sieve. Preferably, the BEA backbone contains either an iron-exchanged or iron isomorphic BEA molecular backbone (also referred to as BEA-type ferrosilicate), with iron isomorphic BEA molecular backbone being particularly preferred. In certain embodiments, the BEA-type ferrosilicate molecular backbone is a crystalline silicate having (1) an iron-containing BEA backbone structure that has a SiO2/Fe2O3 mole ratio of about 20 to about 300, and/or ( 2) at least 80% of the iron contained as isolated Fe3+ iron ions in a fresh state. [0032] Preferably, the iron-containing BEA backbone structure that has a mol ratio of SiO2/Fe2O3 of about 25 to about 300, about 20 to about 150, about 24 to about 150, about 25 to about 100, or about 50 to about 80. The upper limit of log (S1O2/Al2O3) per mol is not particularly limited, as long as the log (SiO2/Al2O3) per mol is at least 2 (i.e. that is, the ratio of S1O2/Al2O3 per mol is at least 100). The log (SiO2/Al2O3) per mol is preferably at least 2.5 (i.e. the ratio of S1O2/Al2O3 per mol is at least 310), more preferably at least 3 (i.e. the ratio of SiO2/Al2O3 per mole is at least 1000). When the log (SiO2/Al2O3) per mol exceeds 4 (that is, the ratio of SiO2/Al2O3 per mol becomes at least 10,000). [0033] In certain embodiments, iron is present in the molecular sieve of the mixture at a concentration of from about 0.1 to about 10 weight percent (%wt) based on the total weight of the molecular sieve, for example from about from 0.5% by weight to about 5% by weight, from about 0.5 to about 1% by weight, from about 5% by weight, from about 2% by weight to about 4 % by weight, and about 2% by weight to about 3% by weight. Iron can be incorporated into molecular sieves for use in the present invention using techniques well known in the art, including liquid phase exchange or solid ion exchange or by an incipient wetting process. Such materials are referred to herein as iron-containing or iron-promoted molecular sieves. [0034] The catalyst composition of the present invention can be prepared by mixing the vanadium component and the molecular sieve component. The type of mixing technique is not particularly limited. In certain embodiments, a TiO2/WO3 suspension is prepared to which V2O5 powder and iron-promoted molecular sieve powder are added. The resulting suspension can be formulated as a reactive coating composition or it can be dried and calcined into a powder form which is then used to prepare a reactive coating composition or extrudable material. [0035] The second catalytic zone comprises a second NH3-SC catalyst composition that includes a small pore molecular sieve loaded with copper as a catalytically active component, and optionally inactive components such as binders. As used herein, a "catalytically active" component is one that directly participates in the catalytic reduction of NOx and/or the oxidation of NH3 or other nitrogen-based SCR reductants. By corollary, an "inactive catalytic" component is one that does not directly participate in the catalytic reduction of NOx and/or the oxidation of NH3 or other nitrogen-based SCR reductants. [0036] Useful molecular sieves are crystalline or quasi-crystalline materials which may be, for example, aluminosilicates (zeolites) or silicoaluminophosphates (SAPOs). Such molecular sieves are constructed of repeating tetrahedral units of SiO4 , AlO4 , and optionally P04 linked together, for example in rings, to form structures having intracrystalline cavities and channels of regular molecular dimensions. The specific arrangement of tetrahedral units (ring members) increases to the molecular sieve structure, and by convention, each unique structure is assigned a unique three-letter code (e.g. "CHA") by the International Zeolite Association (IZA). ). The molecular sieve can also be an intergrowth of two or more structures, such as AEI and CHA. In certain embodiments, the second zone may comprise a mixture of two or more molecular sieves. Preferred blends have at least one molecular sieve having a CHA structure, and more preferably a majority of CHA structure. [0037] Particularly useful molecular sieves are small pore zeolites. As used herein, the term "small pore zeolite" means a zeolite structure with a maximum ring size of eight tetrahedral atoms. Preferably, the main crystalline phase of the molecular sieve is constructed of one or more small pore structures, although other crystalline molecular sieve phases may also be present. Preferably, the main crystalline phase comprises at least about 90 weight percent, more preferably at least about 95 weight percent, and even more preferably at least about 98 or at least about 99 percent by weight of the crystal structure. small pore molecular sieve, based on the total amount of molecular sieve material. [0038] In some examples, the small pore zeolite for use in the present invention has a pore size in at least one dimension of less than 4.3 A. In one embodiment, the small pore zeolite has a structure selected from the group which consists of: ACO, AEI, AEN, AFN, AFT, AFX, ANA, APC, APD, ATT, CDO, CHA, DDR, DFT, EAB, EDI, EPI, ERI, GIS, GOO, IHW, ITE, ITW, LEV, KFI, MER, MON, NSI, OWE, PAU, PHI, RHO, RTH, SAT, SAV, SIV, THO, TSC, UEI, UFI, VNI, YUG, and ZON. Preferred zeolite structures are selected from AEI, AFT, AFX, CHA, DDR, ERI, LEV, KFI, RHO and UEI. For certain applications, preferred zeolite structures are selected from AEI, AFT, and AFX, particularly AEI. In a certain application, the preferred zeolite structure is CHA. In certain applications, an ERI structure is preferred. Particular zeolites that are useful for the present invention include SSZ-39, Mu-10, SSZ-16, SSZ-13, Sigma-1, ZSM-34, NU-3, ZK-5, and MU-18. Other useful molecular sieves include SAPO-34 and SAPO-18. [0039] Preferred aluminosilicates have a silica to alumina ratio (SAR) of from about 10 to about 50, for example from about 15 to about 30, from about 10 to about 15, 15 to about 20, from about 20 to about 25, from about 15 to about 18, or about 20 to about 30. Preferred SAPOs have a SAR of less than 2, for example about 0.1 to about 1.5 or about 0.5 to about 1.0. The SAR of a molecular sieve can be determined by conventional analysis. This ratio is used to represent, as closely as possible, the ratio in the rigid atomic structure of the molecular sieve crystal and to exclude silicon or aluminum in the binder or in the cationic forms or other forms within the channels. Since it can be difficult to directly measure the SAR of the molecular sieve after it has been combined with a binder material, particularly an alumina binder, the SAR value described here is expressed in terms of the SAR of the molecular sieve per se, that is, prior to combining the zeolite with other catalyst components. [0040] In another example, the second zonal molecular sieve is a SAPO having an SA of less than 1. [0041] The molecular sieve may include structure metals other than aluminum (ie, metal-substituted zeolites). As used herein, the term "substituted metal" with respect to a molecular sieve means a molecular sieve structure in which one or more aluminum atoms or a silicon structure has been replaced by the replacement metal. In contrast, the term "metal exchanged" means a molecular sieve, in which one or more ionic species associated with the molecular sieve (e.g., H+, NH4+, Na+, etc.) have been replaced by a metal (e.g., an ion metal or free metal, such as metal oxide), in which the metal is not incorporated as a molecular sieve structure atom (e.g., T atom), but is instead incorporated into the molecular pores or on the surface external structure of the molecular sieve Exchange metal is a type of "extra structure metal", which is a metal that resides within the molecular sieve and/or on at least a portion of the molecular sieve surface, preferably as a species ionic, do not include aluminum, and do not include atoms constituting the molecular sieve structure. The terms "metal-loaded molecular sieve" means a molecular sieve that includes one or more metals of extra structure. As used herein, the terms "aluminosilicate" and "silicoaluminophosphate" are unique to metal substituted molecular sieves. [0042] The copper-loaded molecular sieves of the present invention comprise the metal disposed on and/or within the molecular sieve material as an extra structure metal. Preferably, the presence and concentration of copper facilitates the treatment of exhaust gases, such as the exhaust gases of a diesel engine, including processes such as NOx reduction, NH3 oxidation, and NOx storage at the same time. suppressing the formation of N2O. Unless otherwise specified, the amount of copper loaded onto a molecular sieve and the concentration of copper in the catalyst is referred to in terms of copper by the total weight of the corresponding molecular sieve, and is thus independent of the amount of loading of the reactive coating composition. of catalyst on the substrate or the presence of other materials in the catalyst reactive coating composition. [0043] In certain embodiments, extra structure copper is present in the second zone molecular sieve at a concentration of from about 0.1 to about 10 percent by weight (%wt) based on the total weight of the molecular sieve, for example from about 0.5% by weight to about 5% by weight, from about 0.5% by weight to about 1% by weight, from about 1 to about 5% by weight, from about 2.5% by weight to about 3.5% by weight, about 3% by weight to about 3.5% by weight. [0044] In addition to copper, the molecular sieve may additionally comprise one or more additional metals of extra structure, provided that the additional metal of extra structure is present in a minority amount (i.e. < 50 mol. %, such as about 1 to 30 mol %, about 1 to 10 mol % or about 1 to 5 mol %) with respect to copper and iron is not included. The additional extra structure metal can be any of the recognized catalytically active metals that are used in the catalyst industry to form the metal-exchanged molecular sieves, in particular those metals that are known to be catalytically active for the treatment of exhaust gases from of a combustion process. Particularly preferred are metals useful in NOx reduction and storage processes. Examples of such metals include nickel metal, zinc, tungsten, molybdenum, cobalt, titanium, zirconium, manganese, chromium, vanadium, niobium, as well as tin, bismuth, antimony and; platinum group metals such as ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, indium, platinum, and precious metals such as gold and silver. Preferred transition metals are base metals, and preferred base metals include those selected from the group consisting of chromium, manganese, cobalt, nickel and mixtures thereof. [0045] In certain examples of the invention, the molecular sieves loaded with copper are free of platinum group metals. In certain examples of the invention, the copper-loaded molecular sieves are free of alkali or alkali earth metals. In certain examples of the invention, the copper-loaded molecular sieve is free of transition metals other than copper. [0046] Preferably, the copper is highly dispersible within the molecular sieve crystals. Transition metal loading is preferably complete ion exchanges and/or is preferably less than can be accommodated by sieve support exchange sites. Preferably, the catalyst is free or substantially free of copper oxide in bulk, free or substantially free of copper species on external molecular sieve crystal surfaces, and/or free or substantially free of copper metal aggregates, as measured by reduction. programmed temperature analysis (TP) and/or UV-vis analysis. [0047] In one example, an exchanged metal molecular sieve is created by mixing the molecular sieve, for example an H-shaped molecular sieve or an NH4-shaped molecular sieve, in a solution containing soluble precursors of the metal(s). (s) catalytically active(s). The pH of the solution can be adjusted to induce precipitation of catalytically active metal cations on or within the molecular sieve structure (but not including the molecular sieve structure). For example, in a preferred embodiment, a molecular sieve material is immersed in a solution containing metal nitrate or metal acetate for a time sufficient to allow incorporation of the catalytically active metal cations into the molecular sieve structure through ion exchange. Unexchanged metal ions are precipitated. Depending on the application, some of the unexchanged ions may remain in the molecular sieve material as free metals. The metal exchange molecular sieve can then be washed, dried and calcined. The calcined material may include a certain percentage of copper as copper oxide, respectively, residing on the surface of the molecular sieve or within the cavities of the molecular sieve. [0048] Generally, the ion exchange of the metal catalytic cation into or over the molecular sieve can be carried out at room temperature or at a temperature up to about 80°C over a period of about 1 to 24 hours at a pH of about 7. The resulting catalytic molecular sieve material is preferably dried and calcined at a temperature of at least about 500°C. [0049] In certain embodiments, the catalyst composition comprises the combination of copper and at least one alkali metal or alkaline earth metal, wherein the copper and the alkali or alkaline earth metal(s) are disposed on or within the molecular sieve material. The alkali metal or alkaline earth metal may be selected from sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, or some combination thereof. Preferred alkali or alkaline earth metals include calcium, potassium, barium and combinations thereof. [0050] In certain embodiments, the catalyst composition is essentially free of magnesium and/or barium. In certain embodiments, the catalyst is essentially free of any alkali metal or alkaline earth metal with the exception of calcium and potassium. In certain embodiments, the catalyst is essentially free of any alkali or alkaline earth metal other than calcium. In certain embodiments, the catalyst is essentially free of any alkali or alkaline earth metal other than barium. And in certain other embodiments, the catalyst is essentially free of any alkali or alkaline earth metal with the exception of potassium. As used herein, the term "essentially free" means that the material lacks an appreciable amount of the particular metal. That is, the particular metal is not present in an amount that would affect the basic physical and/or chemical properties of the material, particularly with respect to the material's ability to selectively reduce or store NOx. In certain embodiments, the sieve material molecular weight has an alkaline content of less than 3 weight percent, more preferably less than 1 weight percent, and even more preferably less than 0.1 weight percent. [0051] The alkali metal/alkaline earth can be added to the molecular sieve by any known technique, such as ion exchange, impregnation, isomorphic substitution, etc. The copper and the alkali or alkaline earth metal can be added to the molecular sieve material in any order (e.g. the metal can be exchanged before, after, or simultaneously with the alkali or alkaline earth metal), but preferably the alkali or alkaline earth metal is added before or simultaneously with copper. [0052] The catalyst articles of the present invention are applicable to heterogeneous catalytic reaction systems (ie the solid catalyst in contact with a gas reactant). To improve surface contact area, mechanical stability, and/or fluid flow characteristics, SCR catalysts are disposed on and/or within a substrate such as cellular cordierite block. In certain embodiments, one or more catalyst compositions are applied to the substrate as a reactive coating composition/compositions. Alternatively, one or more of the catalyst compositions are blended together with other components, such as carriers, binders, and reinforcing agents, into an extrudable paste, which is then extruded through a die to form a honeycomb block. [0053] Certain aspects of the present invention provide a catalytic reactive coating composition. The reactive coating composition comprising the copper-carried molecular sieve catalyst described herein is preferably a solution, suspension, or slurry. [0054] Suitable coatings include surface coatings, coatings that penetrate a portion of the substrate, coatings that permeate the substrate, or some combination thereof. [0055] A washable coating may also include non-catalytic components such as carriers, binders, stabilizers, rheology modifiers and other additives, including one or more of alumina, silica, non-molecular sieve silica alumina, titania, zirconia, ceria . In certain embodiments, the reactive coating composition may comprise pore-forming agents, such as graphite, cellulose, starch, polyacrylate, and polyethylene, and the like. These additional components do not necessarily catalyze the desired reaction, but instead increase the effectiveness of the catalytic material, for example by increasing its operating temperature range, increasing the catalyst contact surface area, increasing catalyst adhesion. to a substrate, etc. In preferred embodiments, the loading of the reactive coating composition is > 18.405 Kg/m3 (0.3 g/in3), such as > 73.62 Kg/m3 (1.2 g/in3), > 92.025 Kg/m3 ( 1.5 g/in3), > 104.295 Kg/m3 (1.7 g/in3) or > 122.7 Kg/m3 (2.00 g/in3), and < 276.075 Kg/m3 (4.5 g/in3) in3), such as 122.7 to 245.4 kg/m3 (2 to 4 g/in3). In certain embodiments, the reactive coating composition is applied to a substrate at a load of about 0.8 to 1.0 g/in 3 , 1.0 to 1.5 g/in 3 , 1.5 to 2.5 g/in 3 , or 2.5 to 4.5 g/in 3 . In certain embodiments, the loading of the vanadium catalyst reactive coating composition is >0.5 g/pol 3 , such as >1.5 g/pol 3 , >3 g/pol 3 , and preferably < 6 g/pol 3 , such as 2 to 5 g/in3. In certain embodiments, the vanadium catalyst reactive coating composition is applied to a substrate at a load of about 1 to 2 g/in 3 , 2 to 3 g/in 3 , 3 to 5 g/in 3 , or 5 to 6 g/in 3 . pol3. In certain embodiments, the reactive coating composition containing the vanadium catalyst is applied to the substrate at a higher concentration with respect to the charge of the reactive coating composition of the copper catalyst. More preferably, the catalyst article has a higher concentration of vanadium catalyst reactive coating composition than the corresponding reactive coating composition, but also has a higher overall copper charge relative to the vanadium charge. Such embodiments can be achieved, for example, by disposing a high charge of reactive coating composition on a smaller section of the substrate relative to the copper catalyst reactive coating composition. [0056] Preferred substrates, particularly for mobile applications, include flow-through monoliths thus having a so-called honeycomb geometry that comprises multiple adjacent, parallel channels that are open at both ends and generally extend from the inlet face. to the exit face of the substrate and result in a high surface area to volume ratio. For certain applications, the alveolar flow monolith preferably has a high cell density, for example about 600 to 1000 cells per square inch, and/or an average inner wall thickness of about 0.18 to 0.35 mm, preferably about 0.20 to 0.25 mm. For certain other applications, the alveolar crossover flow monolith has a low cell density of about 150 to 600 cells per square inch, such as about 200 to 400 cells per square inch. Preferably, the alveolar monoliths are porous. In addition to cordierite, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, ceramic and metal, other materials that can be used for the substrate include aluminum nitride, silicon nitride, aluminum titanate, ct alumina, mullite, e.g. acicular mullite, pollucite , a termet such as Al2OsZFe, Al2O3/Ni or B4CZFe, or composites comprising segments of any two or more of these. Preferred materials include cordierite, silicon carbide, alumina and titanate. [0057] Preferred filter substrates include diesel particulate filters, and diesel particulate filters for use in mobile applications include flow wall filters such as flow wall ceramic monoliths. Other filter substrates include flow-through filters such as metal or ceramic foam or fibrous filters. In addition to cordierite, silicon carbide, and ceramic, other materials that can be used for the porous substrate include, but are not limited to, alumina silica, aluminum nitride, silicon nitride, aluminum titanate, ct alumina, mullite, pollucite, zircon, zirconia, spinel, borides, feldspar, titania, fused silica, borides, ceramic fiber composites, blends of any of these, or composites comprising segments of any two or more of these. Particularly preferred substrates include cordierite, silicon carbide, and aluminum titanate (AT), where AT is the predominant crystalline phase. [0058] The porous walls of a wall flow filter have an inlet side and an outlet side with respect to the typical direction of an exhaust gas flow through the walls. The input side has an input surface which is exposed to channels open towards the front of the substrate, and the output side has an output surface which is exposed to channels open towards the rear of the substrate. [0059] Wall flow filter substrates for diesel engines typically contain about 100 to 800 cpsi (channels per square inch) (1 in2 = 6.45cm2), for example about 100 to about 400 cpsi, about 200 to about 300 cpsi, or about 500 to about 600 cpsi. In certain embodiments, the walls have an average wall thickness of about 0.1 to about 1.5 mm, for example about 0.15 to about 0.25 mm, about 0.25 to about 0. 35 mm, or about 0.25 to about 0.50 mm. [0060] Wall flow filters for use with the present invention preferably have an efficiency of at least 70%, at least about 75%, at least about 80%, or at least about 90%. In certain embodiments, the efficiency will preferably be from about 75 to about 99%, about 75 to about 90%, about 80 to about 90%, or about 85 to about 95%. [0061] The useful porosity range of the filter and the average pore size are not particularly limited but are correlated, or are used to determine the particle size and viscosity of the catalyst coating. As described here, substrate porosity and average pore size are determined based on an uncoated filter (eg, without a catalyst coating). In general, the porosity of the substrate is at least about 40%, more preferably at least about 50%, for example about 50 to about 80%, about 50 to about 70 percent, or about 55 to about 55 percent. about 65 percent. Porosity can be measured by any suitable means, including mercury porosimetry. In general, the average pore size of the substrate is about 8 to 40 µm, for example about 8 to about 12 µm, about 12 to about 20 µm, or about 15 to about 25 µm. In certain embodiments, at least about 50%, and more preferably at least about 75%, of the pores are within these ranges, based on total pore volume and/or total number of pores. The main pore size can be determined by any acceptable means, including mercury porosimetry. In certain embodiments, the filter substrate has an average pore size of about 12 to about 15 µm and a porosity of about 50 to about 55%. In preferred embodiments, the filter substrate has an average pore size of about 18 to about 20 µm and a porosity of about 55 to about 65%. [0062] The catalyst reactive coating composition of the first SCR catalyst zone can be loaded on the inlet side of the filter walls, the outlet side of the filter walls, partially or completely permeate the filter walls, or some combination of these . In certain embodiments, the filter is the substrate for the first or second SCR catalyst zone as described herein. For example, a flow wall filter can be used as a substrate for the first zone and a flow through honeycomb can be used as the substrate for the second zone. In another example, the flow through honeycomb can be used as the substrate for the first zone and the flow wall filter can be used as the substrate for the second zone. In such embodiments in which the second substrate is a flow-wall filter, the flow-wall filter will further comprise an NH3 oxidation catalyst to form an ASC zone, preferably on the outlet side of the filter. [0063] In certain embodiments, the invention is an article of catalyst prepared by a process described herein. In a particular embodiment, the catalyst article is produced by a process that includes the steps of applying an SCR catalyst composition, preferably as a reactive coating composition, to a substrate as a layer both before and after the second SCR catalyst composition. , preferably as a reactive coating composition, was applied to the substrate. [0064] In certain embodiments, the second SCR catalyst composition is disposed over the substrate as a top layer, such as an oxidation catalyst, reduction catalyst, removal component, or NOx storage component, is disposed over the substrate as a second layer. [0065] Overall, the production of an extruded solid containing the first SCR catalyst composition involves mixing the vanadium component, the metal oxide support, optionally WO3, a binder, an optional organic viscosity-increasing compound in a homogeneous slurry which is then added to a binder/matrix component or its precursor, and optionally one or more of stabilized ceria, and inorganic fibers. The mixture is compacted in a mixing or kneading apparatus or an extruder. Mixtures contain organic additives such as binders, pore formers, plasticizers, surfactants, lubricants, dispersants as processing aids to improve moisture and therefore produce a uniform mixture. The resulting plastic material is then moulded, in particular using an extrusion press or an extruder including [0066] an extrusion mold, and the resulting molds are dried and calcined. Organic additives are "burned" during calcinations of the extruded solid. Preferably, the vanadium component is dispersed throughout, and preferably evenly throughout, the entire extruded catalyst body. [0067] Extruded catalyst bodies in accordance with the present invention generally comprise a unitary honeycomb structure having uniformly sized, parallel channels extending from a first end to a second end thereof. Channel walls that define the channels are porous. Typically, an outer "skin" surrounds a plurality of channels of the extruded solid body. The extruded solid body can be formed from any desired cross section, such as circular, square or oval. The individual channels in the plurality of channels can be square, triangular, hexagonal, circular, etc. [0068] The catalytic article described here can promote the reaction of a nitrogen reductant, preferably ammonia, with nitrogen oxides to selectively form elemental nitrogen (N2) and water (H2O). Examples of such nitrogen reducers include ammonia and ammonium hydrazine or any suitable ammonia precursor, such as urea ((NH2)2CO), ammonium carbonate, ammonium carbamate, ammonium hydrogencarbonate or ammonium formate. The SCR process of the present method can result in a NOx (NO and/or NO2) conversion of at least 75%, preferably at least 80%, and more preferably at least 90% over a wide temperature range (e.g., about 150 to 700°C, about 200 to 350°C, about 350 to 550°C, or about 450 to 550°C). [0069] The exhaust gas treatment system may comprise a NAC and/or an external source of nitrogen reductant (eg an ammonia or urea injector) disposed upstream of the catalytic article. The system may include a controller to measure the external nitrogen reductant in the flowing exhaust gas only when it is determined that the SCR catalyst zones are capable of catalyzing NOx reduction at or above the desired efficiency, such as above 100°C, above 150°C or above 175°C. The measurement of the nitrogenous reductant can be arranged so that 60% to 200% of the theoretical ammonia is present in the exhaust gas entering the SCR catalyst calculated at 1:1 NH3/NO and 4:3 NH3/NO2. [0070] More importantly, the use of zoned catalysts according to the present invention generates low amounts of N2O by-product compared to conventional SCR catalysts. That is, the SCR process of the present method may result in the generation of low N2O based on NO and/or NO2 at the SCR input. For example, the relative proportion of NO inlet concentration at the SCR catalyst compared to the N2O concentration leaving after the SCR catalyst is greater than about 25, greater than about 30 (e.g., about 30 to about 40), greater than about 50, greater than about 80, or greater than about 100 over a wide temperature range (e.g., about 150 to 700°C, about 200 to 350°C, about 350 to 550°C, or about 450 to 550°C). In another example, the relative ratio of NO2 concentration entering the SCR catalyst compared to the concentration of NO2 leaving after the SCR catalyst is greater than about 50, greater than about 80, or greater than about 100 throughout over a wide temperature range (e.g., about 150 to 700°C, about 200 to 350°C, about 350 to 550°C, or about 450 to 550°C). [0071] The metal loaded molecular sieve described here can promote the storage or oxidation of ammonia or it can be coupled with an oxidation catalyst such as platinum and/or palladium supported on alumina, it can also promote the oxidation of ammonia and limit the unwanted NOx formation by the oxidation process (ie an ammonia slip catalyst (ASC)). In certain embodiments, the catalytic article of the present invention contains an ASC zone at the exit end of the substrate. In other embodiments, an ammonia slip catalyst disposed in a separate block downstream of the SCR catalysts in zones. These separate blocks may be adjacent to or in contact with each other or separated by a specified distance, provided they are in fluid communication with each other, and provided that the SCR catalyst block is disposed upstream of the catalyst in ammonia slip catalyst brick. [0072] In certain embodiments, the SCR and/or ASC process is carried out at a temperature of at least 100 °C. In another embodiment, the process(es) occur at a temperature of from about 150°C to about 750°C. In a particular embodiment, the temperature range is from about 175 to about 550°C. In another embodiment, the temperature range is 175 to 400°C. In yet another embodiment, the temperature range is 450 to 900°C, preferably 500 to 750°C, 500 to 650°C, 450 to 550°C, or 650 to 850°C. [0073] According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a method for reducing NOx compounds and/or oxidizing NH3 in a gas, which comprises contacting the gas with a catalyst described herein for a time sufficient to reduce the level of NOx compounds in the gas. The methods of the present invention may comprise one or more of the following steps: (a) soot from accumulation and/or combustion that is in contact with the inlet of a filter; (b) introducing a nitrogen reducing agent into the exhaust gas stream to contact the SCR catalyst, preferably without intervening catalytic steps involving the NOx treatment and the reductant; (c) generating NH3 over a NOx-absorbing or NOx-capturing catalyst, and preferably using such NH3 as a reductant in a downstream SCR reaction; (d) contact the exhaust gas stream with a DOC to oxidize hydrocarbon based on soluble organic fraction (SOF) and/or carbon monoxide to CO2, which in turn can be used to oxidize particulate matter in a particulate filter ; and/or reduce particulate matter (PM) in the exhaust gas; (e) contacting the exhaust gas with one or more SCR catalyst device(s) (filter substrate or flow through) in the presence of a reducing agent to reduce the NOx concentration in the exhaust gas; and (f) bringing the exhaust gas into contact with an ammonia slip catalyst, preferably downstream of the SCR catalyst to oxidize most, if not all of the ammonia before emitting the exhaust gas to the atmosphere or passing the exhaust gas through a recirculation circuit before the exhaust gas enters/re-enters the engine. [0074] The systems described here may be at least one additional component for treating the exhaust gas, wherein the first and second SCR zones and at least one additional component are designed to function as a coherent unit. The zoned SCR catalytic article and at least one additional component are in fluid communication, optionally by one or more conduit sections to channel exhaust gas through the system. [0075] In one embodiment, all or at least a portion of the nitrogen-based reducing agent, especially NH3, for consumption in the SCR process may be provided by a NOx absorption catalyst (NAC), a NOx capture lean, or a NOx storage/reduction catalyst (NSRC), (collectively NAC) arranged upstream of the SCR catalyst. In certain embodiments, the NAC is coated on the same flow-through substrate as the zoned SCR catalyst. In such embodiments, the NAC and SCR catalysts are coated in series with the NAC being upstream of the SC zones. [0076] NAC components useful in the present invention include a combination of catalysts of a base material (such as alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or a rare earth metal, including alkali metal oxides, alkaline earth metal oxides, and their combinations), and a precious metal (such as platinum) and, optionally, a reduction catalyst component, such as rhodium. Specific types of base materials useful in the CNS include cesium oxide, potassium oxide, magnesium oxide, sodium oxide, calcium oxide, strontium oxide, barium oxide, and combinations thereof. The precious metal is preferably present at about 357.1 to about 7142 g/m 3 (from about 10 to about 200 g/ft 3 ), such as 714.2 to 2142.6 g/m 3 (20 to 60 g/ft3). Alternatively, the precious metal of the catalyst is distinguished by the average concentration, which can be from about 1428.4 to about 3571 g/m3 (from about 40 to about 100 grams/ft3 ). [0077] Under certain conditions, during rich periodic regeneration events, NH3 can be generated over a NOx adsorption catalyst. The SCR catalyst downstream of the NOx adsorption catalyst can improve the overall efficiency of the NOx reduction system. In the combined system, the SCR catalyst is capable of storing the NH3 released from the NAC catalyst during rich regeneration events and utilizes the stored NH3 to selectively reduce some or all of the NOx that has escaped through the NAC catalyst during normal rich operating conditions. . [0078] The exhaust gas treatment system may comprise an oxidation catalyst (e.g. a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC)) for the oxidation of nitrogen monoxide in the exhaust gas to nitrogen dioxide may be located at upstream of a measuring point of the nitrogen reducer in the exhaust gas. In one embodiment, the oxidation catalyst is adapted to produce a gas stream entering the zeolite catalyst having a ratio of NO to NO2 from about 20:1 to about 1:10 by volume, for example at a temperature of the exhaust gases at catalyst inlet oxidation from 200°C to 550°C. The oxidation catalyst may include at least one platinum group metal (or any combination thereof), such as platinum, palladium, or rhodium, coated onto a flow-through monolith substrate. In one embodiment, the at least one platinum group metal is platinum, palladium, or a combination of both platinum and palladium. The platinum group metal may be supported on a high surface reactive coating composition component such as alumina, a zeolite such as an aluminosilicate zeolite, silica, and non-zeolite alumina silica, cerium oxide, zirconium dioxide, titanium oxide or a mixed oxide or compound containing both ceria and zirconia. [0079] The exhaust gas treatment system may comprise an SCR catalyst in a second flow-through monolith or a flow-wall filter, wherein the second flow-through monolith or a flow-wall filter containing the additional SCR is positioned upstream or downstream, and in fluid communication with the first and second SCR catalyst zones described herein. The additional SCR catalyst is preferably a metal exchanged zeolite, such as Fe-Beta, Fe-iron-isomorph Beta, Fe-ZSM5, Fe-CHA, Fe-ZSM-34, Fe-AEI, Cu-Beta, Cu- ZSM5, Cu-CHA, Cu-ZSM-34, or Cu-AEI. [0080] The exhaust gas treatment system may comprise a suitable particulate filter, such as a wall flow filter. Suitable filters include those for removing soot from an exhaust gas stream. The filter may be uncoated and passively regenerated, or it may contain a soot combustion catalyst or a hydrolysis catalyst. A filter can be positioned in the gas treatment system either upstream or downstream of the SCR catalysts. Preferably, the filter is positioned downstream of the DOC if DOC is present. For embodiments comprising an uncoated filter (i.e. having no catalyst coating) and an ammonia injector upstream of the SCR catalyst in zones, the injector may be positioned upstream or downstream of the filter as long as it is positioned upstream of the catalyst. SCR in zones. For embodiments having a filter containing a hydrolysis catalyst and an SCR catalyst in downstream zones, an ammonia injector is preferably positioned upstream of the filter. [0081] Turning to Figure 10, an exhaust gas treatment system is shown comprising an internal combustion engine 501, an exhaust gas treatment system 502, an exhaust gas throughflow direction system 1, an optional DOC 510 and/or an optional NAC 520, an optional particulate filter 570, an optional external ammonia source and injector 530, a zoned SCR catalyst 540 comprising the first and second SCR catalyst zones, an optional SCR catalyst 550 , and an optional ASC 560. [0082] Figure 11A shows an exhaust gas treatment system comprising a passive NOx absorber (PNA) 610 upstream of a wall flow filter 620 containing the first SCR catalyst zone, which is preferably coated on the outlet side. of the filter. The PNA may contain alkali and/or alkali earth metals such as barium, strontium, potassium and metal oxides such as BaO, TiO2, ZrO2, CeO2, and Al2O3. Preferably, the PNA contains one or more of PGMs, such as rhodium, palladium, platinum, or a combination of metals such as palladium and platinum; A zeolite, including those having small pore structures or large pore structures, with specific examples being CHA, AEI, AFX, BEA, MO, FER, LEV and ERI; metal oxide such as barium oxide, cerium oxide or a mixed metal oxide containing cerium or barium; and transition metal. Preferably, the PGm or transition metal is supported by the metal oxide or zeolite. In certain embodiments, the PNA includes a PGm such as Pd supported on small pore zeolite and a metal such as Fe supported on a zeolite such as FER. Suitable PGM loads may be, for example, 1 to 120 g/ft 3 . The individual components of the PNA can be layered or combined into a unique reactive coating composition. [0083] The system shown in Figure 11A further comprises a flow through substrate containing the second SCR catalyst zone which is positioned downstream of the filter. The system preferably includes an ammonia slip catalyst as a separate block downstream of the bypass substrate or at the rear of the bypass substrate, similar to the arrangement shown in Figure 6A. The system can optionally include an SCR 620 reductant source, such as an injector to introduce ammonia or an ammonia precursor into the system. [0084] The flow wall filter in Figure 11A is preferably close to the flow through substrate, but the distance between the two is not particularly limited. Preferably, there are no intervening catalysts or filters between units 630 and 640 or between 610 and 630. Preferably, there are no intervening catalysts between the second SCR catalyst zone and the ASC. Preferably, there are no intervening exhaust gas treatment catalysts between the engine and the PNA or downstream of the second catalyst zone or ASC. [0085] Another configuration is shown in Figure 11B where PNA and the first SCR catalyst zone are coated on a 635 wall flow filter. Here, the PNA is coated on the inlet side of the filter as a reactive coating composition. on the wall surface and/or partially permeating the wall and the first SCR catalyst zone is coated on the outlet side of the filter as a reactive coating composition on the wall surface and/or partially permeating the wall. The system further comprises a flow through substrate containing the second SCR catalyst zone which is positioned downstream of the filter. The system preferably includes an ammonia slip catalyst on a separate substrate downstream of the first and second SCR catalyst zones or at the back of the throughflow substrate containing the second SCR catalyst zone, similar to the first arrangement shown in Figure 6A . A first source of reductant (eg, an injector) is positioned upstream of the filter and supplies reductant to the system under conditions that would not lead to oxidation of the reductant by PNA (eg, at temperatures less than 400°C). An optional second reductant source (eg, an injector) is positioned between the first SCR catalyst zone and the second SCR catalyst zone and operates either independently or in conjunction with the first reductant source. [0086] The flow wall filter in Figure 11B is preferably close to the flow through substrate, but the distance between the two is not particularly limited. Preferably, there are no intervening catalysts or filters between units 635 and 640. Preferably, there are no intervening catalysts between the second SCR catalyst zone and the ASC. Preferably, there are no intervening exhaust gas treatment catalysts between the engine and the PNA or downstream of the second catalyst zone or ASC. [0087] The method for treating exhaust gases as described herein can be carried out on an exhaust gas from a combustion process, such as from an internal combustion engine (either mobile or stationary), a gas turbine and coal or oil power plants. The method can also be used to treat gases from industrial processes, such as refining, from refinery heaters and boilers, furnaces, the chemical processing industry, coke ovens, municipal waste plants and incinerators, etc. in a particular embodiment, the method is used for treating exhaust gas from a lean burn internal combustion engine of vehicles, such as a diesel engine, a lean burning gasoline engine or a gas fueled engine. liquefied oil or natural gas.
权利要求:
Claims (14) [0001] 1. System for treating an exhaust gas, characterized in that it comprises: a. a first SCR catalyst zone comprising vanadium charged in a metal oxide selected from TiO2, ZrO2, SiO2, CeO2 and Al2O3; and b. a second SCR catalyst zone comprising a small pore molecular sieve charged with copper, wherein the first SCR catalyst zone is disposed upstream of the second SCR catalyst zone with respect to the normal exhaust gas flow through the system; wherein the first SCR catalyst zone has a higher reactive coating charge than the second SCR catalyst zone and the overall copper loading is greater than the overall vanadium loading. [0002] 2. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the first SCR catalyst zone comprises about 0.5 to 4 weight percent vanadium (based on the total weight of the metal oxide) and the second catalyst zone SCR comprises about 1 to 4 weight percent copper (based on total molecular sieve weight). [0003] 3. System according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the second SCR catalyst zone is free of transition metals other than copper. [0004] 4. System according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the first SCR catalyst zone comprises an iron vanadate. [0005] 5. System according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the system is free of any exhaust gas treatment catalysts disposed between the first and second SCR catalyst zones. [0006] A system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the first and second SCR catalyst zones are coated on a flowable honeycomb substrate having an inlet end, an outlet end and a measured axial length. from the inlet end to the outlet end, and the first and second SCR catalyst zones are adjacent or at least partially overlapping. [0007] System according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it additionally comprises an oxidation catalyst zone downstream of the second SCR catalyst zone. [0008] 8. System according to claim 7, characterized in that the second SCR catalyst zone completely overlaps the oxidation catalyst zone. [0009] A system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the first SCR catalyst zone is an extruded vanadium catalyst well having an axial length and the second SCR zone is a reactive coating covering approx. 10 to 90 percent of the axial length. [0010] 10. System according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the first SCR catalyst zone is in a wall flow filter having an inlet side and an outlet side, and the second zone of SCR catalyst is on a flowable honeycomb substrate as there is no intervening catalyst between the first SCR catalyst zone and the second SCR catalyst zone. [0011] 11. System according to claim 10, characterized in that it additionally comprises a partial NOx absorber arranged upstream of the first SCR catalyst zone. [0012] 12. System according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that it additionally comprises an ammonia slip catalyst coated on a flow substrate downstream of the second SCR catalyst zone. [0013] 13. System according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that it additionally comprises an engine or turbocharger manifold and a conduit to channel exhaust gas from the engine or turbocharger manifold to the partial NOx absorber, since the system it is free of any exhaust gas treatment catalyst between the engine manifold or turbocharger and the partial NOx absorber. [0014] 14. Method for treating an exhaust gas, characterized in that it comprises the step of bringing in series contact with a mixture of ammonia and exhaust gas derived from an internal combustion engine with (a) a first SCR zone comprising vanadium charged in a metal oxide selected from TiO2, ZrO2, SiO2, CeO2 and Al2O3, and (b) a second SCR zone comprising a small pore molecular sieve charged with copper.
类似技术:
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法律状态:
2020-01-21| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]| 2021-12-07| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]| 2022-01-04| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 14/08/2015, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题 US201462037939P| true| 2014-08-15|2014-08-15| US62/037939|2014-08-15| PCT/GB2015/052354|WO2016024126A1|2014-08-15|2015-08-14|Zoned catalyst for treating exhaust gas| 相关专利
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